云计算原理及实践报告(云计算基础应用心得体会)

Cloud computing is a super computing model based on the Internet. In a remote data center, thousands of computers and servers Connected into a computer cloud. Therefore, cloud computing can even allow you to experience 10 trillion calculations per second. With such powerful computing power, you can simulate nuclear explosions, predict climate change and market development trends. Users access the data center through computers, laptops, mobile phones, etc., and perform calculations according to their own needs.
The core idea of ​​cloud computing is to uniformly manage and schedule a large number of computing resources connected by the network to form a computing resource pool to provide on-demand services to users.
The network that provides resources is called a "cloud". The resources in the "cloud" can be infinitely expanded from the user's perspective, and can be obtained at any time, used on demand, expanded at any time, and paid according to use. This characteristic is often referred to as using IT infrastructure like water and electricity. Generally speaking, cloud computing can be regarded as a commercial evolution of grid computing.
By distributing computing over a large number of distributed computers rather than local computers or remote servers, enterprise data centers will operate more like the Internet. This enables enterprises to switch resources to needed applications and access computers and storage systems on demand.
It’s like moving from the ancient single generator model to the centralized power supply model of a power plant. It means that computing power can also be circulated as a commodity, just like gas, water and electricity, which is easy to access and low-cost. The big difference is that it's transmitted over the Internet.
Advantages of cloud computing:
1. Security. Cloud computing provides the most reliable and secure data storage center. Users no longer have to worry about data loss, virus intrusion and other troubles. .
2. Convenience. It requires the lowest equipment on the user side and is very convenient to use.
　3. Data sharing, which can easily realize data and application sharing between different devices.
4. Infinite possibilities, it provides us with almost unlimited possibilities for using the Internet.
The relationship between cloud computing and the Internet of Things
If the large amount of information generated by the sensing and identification devices (such as sensors, RFID, etc.) in the Internet of Things cannot be effectively integrated and utilized, there will be no It is different from entering the treasure mountain and returning empty-handed, and sighing when looking at the "ocean of data". Cloud computing architecture can be used to solve key issues such as how data is stored, how to retrieve it, how to use it, and how to prevent it from being abused.
Two business models of the Internet of Things:
(M2MApplicationIntegration), internal MaaS
(M2MAsAService), MMO, Multi-Tenants (multi-tenant model)
With the increase in IoT business volume, the demand for data storage and computing will bring about requirements for "cloud computing" capabilities:

1. Cloud computing: From computing center to data center, in the initial stage of the Internet of Things, PoP can meet the needs
2. In the advanced stage of the Internet of Things, MVNO/MMO operators may appear (foreign It has existed for many years) and requires the combination of virtualized cloud computing technology, SOA and other technologies to realize the ubiquitous service of the Internet of Things: TaaS (everyTHINGAsAService).

Overview of Cloud Computing and Big Data
Cloud computing (cloud computing) is the addition, use and delivery model of Internet-based related services, usually involving the use of the Internet. to provide dynamically scalable and often virtualized resources. Cloud is a metaphor for network and Internet. In the past, cloud was often used to represent telecommunications networks in diagrams, and later it was also used to represent the abstraction of the Internet and underlying infrastructure. Cloud computing in the narrow sense refers to the delivery and use model of IT infrastructure, which refers to obtaining the required resources through the network in an on-demand and easily scalable manner; in the broad sense cloud computing refers to the delivery and use model of services, which refers to the on-demand and easily scalable manner through the network. way to get the services you need. Such services can be IT, software, Internet-related, or other services. It means that computing power can also be circulated as a commodity through the Internet.
Big data, or massive data, refers to the amount of data involved that is so large that it cannot be captured, managed, processed, and organized into helpful information within a reasonable time through current mainstream software tools. Information for a more positive purpose in corporate business decisions. The 4V characteristics of big data: Volume, Velocity, Variety, and Veracity.
From a technical point of view, the relationship between big data and cloud computing is as inseparable as the two sides of the same coin. Big data cannot be processed by a single computer, and a distributed computing architecture must be used. Its characteristic lies in the mining of massive data, but it must rely on distributed processing, distributed database, cloud storage and virtualization technology of cloud computing.
Big data management, distributed file system, such as Hadoop, Mapreduce data segmentation and access execution; at the same time, SQL support, SQL interface support represented by Hive+HADOOP, using cloud computing to build the next generation of big data technology Data warehousing has become a hot topic. From the perspective of system requirements, the architecture of big data poses new challenges to the system:
1. Higher integration. A standard chassis completes a specific task to the maximum extent possible.
2. The configuration is more reasonable and the speed is faster. The balanced design of storage, controller, I/O channel, memory, CPU, and network, as well as the optimal design for data warehouse access, are more than an order of magnitude higher than traditional similar platforms.
3. The overall energy consumption is lower. For the same computing tasks, the energy consumption is the lowest.
4. The system is more stable and reliable. It can eliminate various single points of failure and unify the quality and standards of a component or device.
5. Low management and maintenance costs. Routine management of data collections is fully integrated.
6. Plannable and foreseeable system expansion and upgrade roadmap.
The relationship between cloud computing and big data
To put it simply: cloud computing is the virtualization of hardware resources, while big data is the efficient processing of massive data. Although this explanation is not entirely appropriate, it can help people who don't understand the two names quickly understand the difference. Of course, if the explanation is more vivid, cloud computing is equivalent to our computers and operating systems, which virtualize a large number of hardware resources and then allocate them for use.
It can be said that big data is equivalent to a "database" of massive data. Looking at the development of the field of big data, we can also see that the current development of big data has been developing in a direction similar to the traditional database experience. In one sentence, it is , traditional databases provide enough space for the development of big data.
The overall architecture of big data includes three layers: data storage, data processing and data analysis. The data must first be stored through the storage layer, and then the corresponding data model and data analysis index system can be established according to the data needs and goals to analyze the data to generate value.
The intermediate timeliness is achieved through the powerful parallel computing and distributed computing capabilities provided by the intermediate data processing layer. The three cooperate with each other, which allows big data to generate ultimate value.
Regardless of the current development of cloud computing, the future trend is: cloud computing, as the bottom layer of computing resources, supports upper-layer big data processing, and the development trend of big data is real-time interactive query efficiency and analysis capabilities. , to borrow the words from a Google technical paper: "You can operate PB-level data in Miaji by moving the mouse." It is really exciting.